{"id":668,"date":"2013-02-27T06:09:39","date_gmt":"2013-02-27T06:09:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/e-olio.com\/cknow\/cms\/?p=668"},"modified":"2013-05-08T14:32:40","modified_gmt":"2013-05-08T21:32:40","slug":"dos-boot-sector","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/vtutor\/dos-boot-sector.html","title":{"rendered":"DOS Boot Sector"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><div class=\"simplePullQuote right\"><p><strong>Even a non-bootable floppy can contain a virus in the boot sector.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>When a floppy diskette is formatted (it doesn&#8217;t matter if it&#8217;s a system or data disk) the very first portion of the disk is set aside for two main purposes:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>storing information about the disk, and<\/li>\n<li>storing a short program that either puts a message on the screen saying the disk cannot be used to start the computer if it&#8217;s a data disk, or a short program that starts to load the operating system if it&#8217;s a system disk which can start the computer (boot disk).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This special sector is numbered 0,0 and is called the Boot Sector.<\/p>\n<p>A hard disk also has a DOS boot sector, but it&#8217;s located in a different sector on the hard disk (see note below). Other removable devices have DOS boot sectors that are defined by the format utility for that device. Bootable CD-ROMs, if infected by whomever wrote out the disc, could also be the source of an infection.<\/p>\n<p>Since the DOS boot sector is executed every time you power on or boot your PC, it is very vulnerable to virus attack. Damage to this sector can make your disk appear to be unreadable. This sector is rewritten whenever you do a &#8220;SYS&#8221; or a &#8220;FORMAT \/S&#8221; to a disk.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Warning:<\/strong> Even a non-bootable floppy can contain a virus in the boot sector. If you leave an infected floppy in your PC when you power on or boot, you will be infected even though the PC won&#8217;t successfully boot from that floppy.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"prettyPhoto\" title=\"DOS Boot Sector\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/dosbootsector.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/dosbootsector-300x198.png\" alt=\"DOS Boot Sector\" width=\"300\" height=\"198\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/dosbootsector-300x198.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/dosbootsector.png 590w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>When a floppy disk is formatted as a non-system disk under Windows XP it behaves similarly but its boot sector structure is different&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"prettyPhoto\" title=\"XP Floppy Boot Sector\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/xpfloppybootsector.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/xpfloppybootsector-300x195.png\" alt=\"XP Floppy Boot Sector\" width=\"300\" height=\"195\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-566\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/xpfloppybootsector-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/xpfloppybootsector.png 463w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Under XP not only is there a little program but that program also looks for the NTLDR file which can then point to a boot device. If you copy the files NTLDR, NTDETECT.COM, and BOOT.INI from your XP hard drive to an XP-formatted floppy disk this disk can then be used as an emergency boot disk should the hard disk boot files become damaged. See the <a href=\"http:\/\/support.microsoft.com\/kb\/305595\/\" target=\"_blank\">Microsoft Knowledgebase article<\/a><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/weblink.png\" alt=\"Web Link\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-7\" \/> on this for more details.<\/p>\n<p>When a hard disk is formatted (FORMAT command) a boot sector, similar to that on a floppy diskette, is also created. <strong>Note:<\/strong> This boot sector should not be confused with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/vtutor\/partition-sector.html\">Master Boot Record<\/a> (MBR) on a hard disk. In order to distinguish between the two, we&#8217;ve adopted the terminology of DOS Boot Sector (DBS) for the boot sector created by FORMAT on a hard disk (the DOS part is a holdover from the original Virus Tutorial but it&#8217;s a good way to tell the difference so I&#8217;ve kept the notation). The DOS\/Windows PC&#8217;s BIOS will generally ignore the difference between the two boot records. If the boot device is a floppy disk the DOS Boot Sector on that disk will be read; if the boot device is a hard disk them the MBR will be read. You can see the difference here with a Windows XP MBR and Boot Sector from the same disk.<\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"prettyPhoto\" title=\"XP MBR vs Boot Record\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/xpmbrvsbootrecord.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/xpmbrvsbootrecord-300x186.png\" alt=\"XP MBR vs Boot Record\" width=\"300\" height=\"186\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-567\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/xpmbrvsbootrecord-300x186.png 300w, https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/xpmbrvsbootrecord.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The fact that the BIOS simply transfer control to whatever is in the first sector of the boot device means that if a virus or other malware can insert code into that area then it can take control of the computer&#8217;s booting process and, at best, insert itself into the system, or at worst make it unusable.<\/p>\n<p>The term bootblock is sometimes used for the boot sector, but this is only common on non-DOS\/Windows systems (e.g., Sun systems will often use that term).<\/p>\n<table style=\"margin: 0pt; width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"center\">\n<tbody>\n<tr align=\"center\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0 0 0 0;\" colspan=\"2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/arrow_up.png\" alt=\"Up Arrow\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-579\" \/> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/vtutor\/miscellaneous-pages.html\">Miscellaneous Pages<\/a> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/arrow_up.png\" alt=\"Up Arrow\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-579\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 0 0 0 0;\" align=\"right\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/vtutor\/partition-sector.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/arrow_prior.gif\" alt=\"Prior Page\" width=\"48\" height=\"32\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-578\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 0 0 0 0;\" align=\"left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/vtutor\/fdisk-mbr.html\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/02\/arrow_next.gif\" alt=\"Next Page\" width=\"48\" height=\"32\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-577\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding-right: 20px; text-align: right; width: 50%;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/vtutor\/partition-sector.html\">Partition Sector<\/a> <\/td>\n<td style=\"padding-left: 20px; width: 50%; text-align: left;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/vtutor\/fdisk-mbr.html\">FDISK \/MBR<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Comments from original:<\/p>\n<p>swapnil<br \/>\nSaid this on 2009-12-30 At 12:10 am<br \/>\nI want to know that, is boot sector can be made manually by using some software?<br \/>\nPlease reply.<br \/>\nthanks in advance.<br \/>\n#2<br \/>\nDaBoss<br \/>\nSaid this on 2009-12-30 At 12:58 pm<br \/>\nIn reply to #1<br \/>\nA boot sector itself is just code so, yes, you can &#8220;create&#8221; one using a variety of means. One would be to just use the FORMAT command in DOS\/Windows. Another would be to use a disk image utility to image the sector and then rewrite it to other media. CD\/DVD software sometimes ship with utilities that create a boot sector to make CDs or DVDs bootable discs. And so on.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>When a floppy diskette is formatted (it doesn&#8217;t matter if it&#8217;s a system or data disk) the very first portion of the disk is set aside for two main purposes: storing information about the disk, and storing a short program that either puts a message on the screen saying the disk cannot be used to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-vtutor","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>DOS Boot Sector - C-Know Media<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Even a non-bootable floppy can contain a virus in the boot sector.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cknow.com\/cms\/vtutor\/dos-boot-sector.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"DOS Boot Sector - 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